Diagnosis of canine urolithiasis

Key points for diagnosis of canine urolithiasis:

1. Bladder stones: dysuria, hematuria, frequent urination, but only a small amount of urine is discharged each time. On palpation of the bladder, multiple stones can be felt rubbing against each other or hard bladder stones can be palpated, and cystitis can be reflected by urinalysis. Abnormal findings include an increase in white blood cells, red blood cells, protein, often elevated pH, and a large number of bacteria in the urine.

2. Urethral calculus: a complication of bladder calculus. Frequent urination, but only a small amount of blood in the urine or no urine at all. Animals are restless, walking is uncomfortable and painful, and there is severe pain in the bladder after abdominal palpation, and uremia can be caused by long-term anuria. Depression, vomiting, ammonia smell in exhaled breath, dehydration, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, extremely distended bladder, severe loss of elasticity, may lead to bladder rupture. X-ray photography is very useful for the diagnosis of urinary system diseases caused by stones.

Preventive measures for canine urolithiasis:

1. For all dogs with bladder stones that have shown clinical symptoms, surgery should be considered to remove the stones by incision of the bladder.

2. For urethral calculus, urethral retrograde flushing can be performed. Insert the catheter into the dog's urethra, and then inject an equal mixture of normal saline and liquid paraffin while compressing the urethra at the pelvic edge. When the urethral pressure increases, quickly release and pull out the catheter, which can be repeated several times.

3. If retrograde irrigation is unsuccessful, perform urethrotomy as soon as possible to remove the dog's urethral stones.