Etiology and Clinical Symptoms of Canine Hookworm Disease

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Causes of Canine Hookworm Disease:

1. The pathogens that cause hookworm disease in dogs are common hookworm and Ancylocephalus.

2. Hookworm eggs are excreted with the feces. Under suitable conditions, the larvae (rod-shaped larvae) hatch after 12-30 hours, and after about 1 week, they degenerate into infectious larvae (sheathed filamentous larvae).

3. Dogs are usually infected through the mouth, but also through the skin and oral mucosa.

4. When the larva enters the host body through the mouth, it stays in the intestine, removes the cyst sheath, and gradually develops into an adult.

5. When the larva invades through the skin, it drills into the peripheral blood vessels, migrates to the alveoli and trachea, enters the mouth with sputum, and develops into an adult worm in the small intestine after swallowing.

6. Hookworm caninum can also infect through placenta and colostrum.

Clinical symptoms of canine hookworm disease:

1. In severe infection, the mucous membrane is pale and thin, and the coat is rough and dull, and easy to fall off.

2. Loss of appetite, pica, vomiting, digestive disorders, diarrhea and constipation alternately.

3. The feces are bloody or black, and in severe cases, they are like asphalt and have a rancid smell.

4. If a large number of larvae invade through the skin, the skin becomes inflamed, extremely itchy, some limbs are swollen, and then ulcerated, or corners of the mouth are eroded.

5. Puppies within 3 weeks of age infected with hookworm in womb or colostrum can cause severe anemia, leading to coma and death.

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