Golden-Crowned Tamarin is a type of marmoset. It has two long tufts of white whiskers and prefers to sit quietly in one place while eating and resting. Its majestic whiskers, combined with the seriousness generated by its quiet nature, truly live up to its English name "Emperortamarin" (Emperor means "ruler"). Another theory is that it is called "golden-crowned" because it resembles Germany's Wilhelm II.
Its fur is mainly gray with yellow spots on its chest. It lives in the upper canopy of tropical rainforests or tropical forest grasslands and rarely ventures onto the ground. It eats fruits, nuts, and other plant-based foods, as well as insects, spiders, frogs, small lizards, and bird eggs. Golden-Crowned Tamarin inhabits the southwestern part of the Amazon Basin, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia, as well as the states of Acre and Amazonas in Brazil.
１.Wasting syndrome (WMS)
Cause: The cause is still unclear, but it may be due to lack of appetite caused by illness, unpalatable food, or food competition within the family; poor absorption of nutrients or loss of absorption function in the intestines; excessive nutrition consumption due to frequent breeding.
Symptoms: Main symptoms include weight loss, muscle atrophy, cachexia, hair loss (hair loss at the tail), faint groaning, accompanied by chronic diarrhea, chronic colitis, anemia, and hypoproteinemia, neck swelling, wet or greasy fur, etc. Autopsy may reveal emaciation, disheveled fur, pale mucous membranes, atrophy of muscles and various organs, thinning of the gastric and intestinal walls, especially significant shortening and blunting of the gastric and intestinal mucosa; thyroid hyperplasia may be observed, weight significantly lower than normal, almost no fat, consolidation pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, edema, etc., ultimately leading to death due to heart-lung functional failure, with a long duration of 15-90 days, known for its high incidence and high mortality.
Prevention and treatment measures: Strengthen daily management, maintain high-nutrition, high-protein feed; minimize stress from humans and the environment; in the early stage of the disease, supplement with high protein and vitamin C, adjust the feeding method, improve the palatability of the feed and feed with high nutritional value, and combine with drugs to prevent diarrhea and intestinal infection.
２. Pneumonia
Pathogen: Lobar pneumonia may be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection; lobular pneumonia is often caused by bacterial or viral infections, occurring more in winter and spring or sudden changes in climate, with overcrowding, poor ventilation, air pollution, and more pathogenic microorganisms, making pneumonia more likely to occur.
Symptoms: Loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, cough, nasal discharge, wheezing during breathing, sneezing; autopsy may reveal congested and hemorrhagic lung mucosa, focal aggregation of alveolar macrophages, and extensive lesions in the lungs.
３. Dysentery
Cause: Mainly caused by Shigella infection.
Symptoms: Dark or bloody diarrhea, abdominal distention, poor activity, dehydration, and drowsiness; autopsy reveals that the stomach and small intestine are filled with gas and/or fluid, the colon and rectum have congestion and erosion, or hemorrhagic lesions, often accompanied by symptoms such as lobar pneumonia.
Diagnosis: Isolation culture and identification: incubate on selective culture medium for intestinal bacteria at 37°C for 18-24 hours, pick suspicious colorless and translucent colonies, perform biochemical reactions and serological agglutination tests to determine bacterial population and type. In case of atypical strains, systematic biochemical reactions are necessary to determine the genus. If necessary, inoculate an appropriate amount of bacterial suspension on the conjunctiva of guinea pigs and observe for 24 hours. If there is inflammation, it is considered a toxic strain.
Prevention and treatment measures: Prevention mainly involves oral administration of attenuated live bacterial vaccines, with trial versions including the Sd strain, Shinshu 2a variant strain, etc. Although these live bacterial vaccines have a certain preventive effect, they have weak immunity, short duration, large dosage, and no protective cross-immunity between types. Generally, animals are treated with intramuscular injection of gentamicin (4000 units/day) plus pivampicillin (20-40mg/day), with significant improvement in symptoms after 3 days of treatment, and recovery from the disease within 10 days. Sulfa drugs, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, berberine, etc. can also be used. Traditional Chinese medicines such as Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense, Platycodon grandiflorum, Portulaca oleracea, etc. are all effective.
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