Goldfish, a member of the carp family, evolved from wild red and yellow carps. In terms of taxonomy, goldfish belongs to the same species as carps. Compared with carps, goldfish exhibit significant external morphological variations, but the overall body can be divided into three parts: head, trunk, and tail. The front end of the head is the mouth, and the back has the nose, eyes, and gill covers. Some varieties have flesh lumps on the upper end of the head, some have velvet balls above the nose, some have protruding eyes or bubbles, and some have exposed gill covers. Goldfish belong to a kind of omnivorous carnivorous freshwater fish, with well-developed pharyngeal teeth that can swallow hard bait. Goldfish have a strong ability to adapt to water temperature, but they cannot adapt to drastic temperature changes. The suitable water temperature for goldfish is between 18-26°C, and both higher or lower temperatures will affect their feeding, growth, and reproduction.
Goldfish originated in China, and there are records in literature that during the Jin Dynasty, when Jin Huanchong visited Lushan, he saw red-scaled fish in the lake. Goldfish was first discovered in China during the Jin Dynasty (between 265 and 420 AD). In the Tang Dynasty, goldfish was partially domesticated and used for releasing acts of benevolence. Starting from the Song Dynasty, goldfish began to be bred, and it reached its peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the establishment of New China, Chinese scientists made significant contributions to the conservation and breeding of goldfish. Goldfish was introduced to Japan in 1502, and after World War II, Japan introduced multiple varieties through Taiwan. Goldfish was introduced to England in the late 17th century, spread to Europe in the 18th century, and was introduced to the United States in 1874. It has since spread throughout the world.
1. Ichthyophthirius disease
It is found that the fish's body is covered with "white hair". The disease progresses, the affected area's muscles rot, the appetite decreases, and eventually the fish dies. This disease can occur throughout the year.
Treatment methods: A. Soak the affected fish in 3% saline solution once a day for 5-10 minutes each time. B. Soak the affected fish in a solution of 2ppm potassium permanganate and 5% saline solution for 20-30 minutes once a day. C. Wash the affected fish with a solution of 1-2ppm malachite green for 20-30 minutes twice a day. D. Soak the affected fish in a solution of 5ppm furan until recovery.
2. Pinecone disease
The scales of the diseased fish stand up like pinecones.
Treatment methods: A. Bathe the affected fish in a solution of 1/100,000 unit of tetracycline once a day for one hour each time. B. Mix a solution of 2% sodium chloride and 3% sodium bicarbonate, and bathe the affected fish twice a day for 10 minutes each time. C. Add 0.5g chloramphenicol for every 40kg of water to bathe the fish.
3. Trematode disease
After being infected, the fish will swim rapidly in the water tank.
Treatment methods: Put the affected fish in a solution of formalin. For every 4kg of water, add formalin ICC. After soaking the affected fish for 1-20 seconds, immediately take it out and put it back into the original water tank. Twice a day for 2-3 consecutive days to cure the disease.
4. Cold
The fish is motionless, floats on the water surface, the skin and fins lose their luster, and the color becomes dull.
Treatment methods: Keep the water temperature constant, soak the affected fish in a solution of baking soda or 1% saline solution, increase the light to gradually restore its health.
5. Fish lice disease
The skin of the diseased fish becomes inflamed and ulcerated. When the parasites adhere to the body of the fish, it will rub against the glass, etc.
Treatment methods: Put the affected fish in 1.0-1.5% saline solution, after 2-3 days, the parasites can be expelled.
6. White spot disease
In the early stage, individual small white spots appear on the fins and body, with appetite and little change in spirit; in the middle stage, white spots appear all over the fins and body, loss of appetite, no desire to move, frequently scratch, and the color becomes darker; in the late stage, white spots cover the whole body, the fish floats on the water surface or sinks to the bottom of the tank. The fish becomes weak, sways from side to side, has increased mucous membrane on the surface, difficulty in breathing, and dies from suffocation.
Treatment: This disease requires comprehensive treatment. Only using medication has little effect. Strengthening feeding management is very important. First, stop feeding for 4-5 days to reduce pollution; at the same time, maintain a constant water temperature, and it is best to raise the temperature by 2-3℃ higher than the original water temperature. Medication can be used appropriately in the absence of aquatic plants, as aquatic plants quickly die when exposed to various drugs.
7. Black spot disease
The fish's body grows "black spots" which are gray-white in color. Filaments of fungi wrap and adhere to the cells of the wound, causing tissue necrosis. At the same time, the affected fish has decreased appetite and eventually dies.
Treatment: Putting a small amount of salt in the aquarium where new fish are kept can inhibit the occurrence of ichthyomycosis. Pay attention to cleanliness and disinfection when adding live bait. Keep the water clean to isolate the growth of ichthyomycosis fungi. Generally, this disease can be prevented from occurring.
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